Internal-combustion engine.



P. s. Smm. INTERNAL OMBUSTLUN ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILBD A'RJB, 1909.V fr

Patented sepa 23, 1913.

n annu-gsm 1.

P. S. SMITH.

INTERNAL ooMBUsTIoN ENGINE.

' APPLICATION FILED APR. 22, 1909.

Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Y @it Lilli inem-Lelio..

:jpec [watten of Letters 11ste nt.

Witten-led rien' i .Application filed April Q2, 190D. Serial No. flfl,i'alf`l.

. Be it. known that I, PAUL S.. Swim, n citizen of the llnited States, reeidiing),V :it fiilewhurgh, county of Orange, 'und Stato of ,New Y o 1li, here invented a new und uee'i'ul lnlprmfement in Interntil-Combosation luoginee, oi which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which torni a part of this specification.

The object oi the invention is to provide an improved type ot' 4four cycle internal combustion engine, of the chics employed in automobile construction, of superior economy and c liciency.

The invention consists oit a motor ot' this olefin having certain chal.L ctcrietimx of struc tere und operation, two enihmlinientss ot the invent-ion heilig disclosed in the followingdescription and z'tcrmnipanying drawings.

lhe advantages of :in engine embodying my invention over those conunonly einployed are hereinai'ter` set forth.

ln the drawings: Figure l is a vertical sectional 'View through a pair ol' cylinders; Fig. 2 a transverse section on the line til-il ot' Fig. l; Fig. 3 u vertical section on the line L-M3 el llig. l with the piston omitted; t :i view, similar to Fig. 3, ol another embodimentot the invention; Figi 5, t5, 7 und t are diagrannnzitio views` Showing; npi'nfoxiniately the Sur-cendre positiona` of the Vvalve shell in a. cycle oi itsI operation.

ift will he understood that, While two cy'v inders A and B are shown in the lflrawing'e, it is preferred that tour or six cylimlerh4 should he employed, which, however, would involve :merely the nniltiplication of those illustrated. The invention, indeed, is capirole of enihodiu'ient in u. single cyliruler, und the reference letters are .in genefal uppli'aible to corresponding parts of the two eylin dere.

Each cylinder coniprises an outer or moin casing o, au inner casing and e cylinder head c integral `vith the lnner casing l). The two cylinder earnings; ure spaced eport to leave un annuler space in which is contained a revolulole vulve shell d. In assembling the parts, the- Shell (Z is preferably inserted Afrom the top, Within the outer cylinder casing o, the :former haring :it its upper end an eX teruel flange e adapted to extend into a somewhat deeper recess y' 'formed in the up perinner el x ol the lutter. AThe inner cylindex' caf-sing o is then 'inerted `from the top.,

`canines hut ot Huhsriauiially.' n n-r;

-t'roln u gear fr on its hiul huvinif a prop-.climi o iitiiup; Millie the rece-sr, f and renting; upon tho lionne (a ol' the shell d.

/z ie the piston roeipromille in lilo iniu'r cylinder curling /r :md culturels-ii io ihr crank-shalt hy nalen ui' the rwnwtiorj rod i lhe outer coniuge u oi the tn'o erlindcrrs are preferably integral und hare loriufwl therein passages openii 1; throufgh the wolle thereotl and roinumnif-:uinge; will: ilu muni jt'old Z connected wish the source oi: up of the motive fluid. the routing-.fn u l torlncd therein puzealgref-i no ope'iin't iu'fu, fh `the welle thereol' oud rlmiuuinirzui gg; with the manifold n. connected will. the erh.- rl'he inner cylinder casini); fr' harl por or openings 0 und y1 registering .ri-openlirclr with the passages /l` and m. liiw port-i or openings into the' )numero il'. and i." und the openings o und, /1 ure euch long j rrlatirelil to their width. 'lhe shell f/ is provided with a single port or openiof r oi' the mow huulh as the descrihed o] wnii\,f iu the rlindcr fer nidih, prelernbly about oue-l`ourth oi" ilo` eigentuterence.,

Secured to and horror:ndiuo'thc lower ende; o-l' the shellol f( ol the two easinggffl trwliich shells extend helen the r \'iin-lcr\l are loro intermcshing gears (j. one ol which iu drire a counterulni l'i e. thin shaft carrying u hotel rear t driven l'roui u, hert-il gear u on the crunk r-z'uul'i fi. the ,orare rre of such relative size that the chello u. rotule once to each two rr-,rolntionn ot the crank shaft ln the .modification shown in hin'. 'l, the construction, as shown, is; precisi-ij.' the enum except that 'the ,:vlindcr hood f' il; uol i longed to forni ou. inner d vliudrr r um, und the piston works within and directly iu con tact with the salie-ll d.

Pry reference to Fica l f3., T and tl, in con nection with the i'ortroing description, the operation ot' the en uine will he undnretoori. Fig. 5 represents :ippro-ilnalely the punition oit the shell at the lagfjiuningx; ol' the exhaled Stroke, the fluid ontmoeting; through Athe oiiening-p in the inner cylinder casing t, the opening n in the shell f/ and the pit-pitite rn. in the outer cylinder cosine'. 'i'liroe o; enings remain' in conuuuniruion tiurne tho upward Stroke ot I'lu.- pinion. l t ll' i i ning' ot the lflo'irnward or :inclini the piston, the shell d hue rouelaea o.

El l) lOl? gri

. ports remain sealed mately the position shown in Fig. 6, and thereafter motive` Huid is admitted to the piston chamber through the passage c, and openings f) .and 0. "These openings remain in vcommunicatipn until the piston completes its stroke. At the beginning of the next upward or compression stroke of the piston, the shell Z has reached approximately the position shown in Figf, and during this stroke the shell Z is moving from the position, shown in Fig. 7 to that shown in F ig. 8, and the openings to the `inlet and exhaust ports are sealed by the shell. During the next downward or power stroke of the pis# ton, 'the shell Z moves from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 5, and the openings to the inlet and exhaust by the shell until just before the piston reaches the end of its stroke, when the exhaustis opened.

lt will be understood that the positions of the shells in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, and properly correlated intermediate positions, may also be assumed to represent the several positions assumedat a four cylinders of a four-cylinder engine.

lt is obvious that the timing of the valve `action, that is, the determination of the points in the rotation of the crank at which.

the inlet and exhaust ports shall be opened and closed, isv governed by the width of the i ports, their distance from each other and the width of the valve shell port.

Among the advantages possessed by an engine embodying my invention may be enumerated 1. Relatively greater sharpness of valve action, due to the fact that the valve shell is constantly in motion' at a uniform speed, which enables the ports to pass from" the closed to the fully open position and vice lversa in a smaller arc of crank revolution than is possible with any other construction.

' This feature enables the inlet portto relthe latter part of the ppwer stroke.

main open to its fullest extent greater proportion of the `suction stroke thai is otherwise possible, insuringthe'intro notion of the. fullest possible charge of explosive mixture.y Similarly, the lead given the exhaust valve in constructions of the lusual type may be largely' eliminated,

n'tlioutimposing' back-pressure on the pis# ton `gduring the exhaust stroke, thereby enabling the more complete utilization of the motiveli'force oi the ex anding gases during More direct andiinrestricted course of ingress egress for gases between the interior mf the cylinder and the Ainlet and exhaust ies, eliminating to the greatest pos-` ariel ent-friction of gases 1n the inlet and exhaat passages, thereby obviating wireT drawing effecten sure on the exhaust stroke.' As` summa' a :viven port this construction i u.) t) .L 7

given time by the shells of the during a` the suction Y stroke and.

pipe in practically astraight linen while in 7 the puppet valve type of construction, they are compelled to make several material changes in direction,particularly in passing the valve heads.

3. Larger ports than are practicable with other types o;t` valve mechanism, while rel taining the advantages of relatively sharper action -in opening and closing, and unattended by the disadvantages attending the use. of larg@ ports in other constructions.. p

4. Perfect obturation oijthe combustion chamber during compression and explosion; and the securing of this' condition; witl greater clearanlcein the working parts than is 'possible with other constructions, owing 35 to the fact that the obturating surfaces ate greater in area than any other.'const1uc` tion. R ,i

5. Freedom from lo'ssof compression dut)` to leakage of valves, asr occurs in the ordil and pitting of the exhaust valve" head, satl and stem. l

6. More uniform cooling of cylinoer walls, and, indirectly, the rotation of thel. valve shell tends to transfer any local excess of heat torthe-en tire surface of the cylinder, and conversely. tends to compensate any deficiencies or irregularities Vin c'oling eifect. l

7,"Simpliication of construction, owing .l to the eliminationof puppet valves and auxiliary constructions. I

8. Removal of inlet passages ltrom. contiguity` with exhaust passages, thereby v1Lo5" avoiding excessive heating of the combustible mixture during the'lsuc'tion. stroke by radiation from ekhaust passages.

9. vRelative noiselessness in operation.v

l'OgComplete elimination ofreiprocatng 110 motion from the valve mechanism.`

Havin what I c aim and desire to protect by Letters Patent I 1. In an internal combustion-engine, thel'fll combination with a cylinder'comprising'an f external casing and internal casing spaced apart-of an orificed cylindricalvalve shell mserted between the two casingsI ofthe cylinder, the internal casing having isup-v 120 ply and exhaust openings registering respectively with supply and exhaust open. ings in the external casing, a' reciprocablepiston within the internal casing, the. crank-shaft,` and cranklshatt and valve shell adapted 'tofturn/ the salme to successively connect the 'piston chamber with the .supplyA and exhaust openl ings and seal it `from both openings.v

2. In an internal combustion engine, the I3@ 9c nary construction from erosion, warping, v

of the piston, 'since 9 how fully described my invention, i

connections between. the ,125

combination with a cylinder' having an extermali casing and an internal easingspaeeil apart and each provided with supply and exhaust openings, of a rotatable cylindrical valve shell between sad'casings and adapted to open and close said openings `and to conneet the openings in the external casing with the openings in the internal casing, a piston within the internal casing, and connections between the crank shaft and the piston and valve adapted to operate the same.

3. .ln an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder casing having orifices communicating with the supply and exhaust, oi.' a rotatableV orifieed valve shell within said casing and an oriticed easing Within the) valve, connections between the crank-shaft and valve shell adapted to ro tatethe saine, a piston within the last named casing, 'and connections'between the crank shaft and piston to actuate the latter, said valve adapted in its rotation to open eommunication 'from the interior ot' the cylinder to the supply and exhaust thronifh sind orifices.

et. n an internal comhustmn engine, the combination with the cylinder having supply and exlianst orilices, ot a rotatable cylindrical valve shell concentric therewith having a single orifice wider than either of the ,i cylinder orifices and Substantially equal in width to the ilistance between the moet atlliacent edges oi' the supply and exhaust, oriiices and adapted in its rotation to succes z-:ively eeniinnnicate therewith, a reciprocatfte piston within the cylinder and shell, the xrank shaft, and connections between the crank-allait and the valve shell adapted to impart one revolution to the valve shell for two revolutions, of the crank. shaft.

5. ln an inten-nal combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder having aupply anni exhaust orifices extending longitinli nally of the cylinder whose moet adjacent edges are approxiniately ninety degrees apart, of an oriecd valve shell concentric and contacting with the cylinder and having an orifice extending through an areoiapproximately ninety degrees and Substantially wider than either of the cylinder orices, a reeiproeahle piston within the cylinder and ellell, the crank-shaft, and connectiene from the crank-Shaft adapted to eontinuously rotate the shell at one-half the angular speed ot the crank-shaft.

(i. In an `internal combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder having a supply orifice and an exhaust orifice ot' Substantially equal width, of a rotatable cylindrical valve shell concentric therewith having asingle orifice adapted in its rotationto enccessively communicate with said supply and exhaust orifices, said valve orifice on the one hand and each of said cylinder orilicoe on the other hand being of substantially unequal width and the wider of them extending through an are of approximately ninety degrees, a reciprocahle piston within the cylinder and shell, and connections between the crank shaft and the valve Shell adapted to impart one revolution to the valve shell Ytot' tworeyolntions of the crank shaft.

7. In an internal conlbustion engine, the coinbimition 'o'f a cylindrical casing, having lateral suction and exhaust ports, a (':ylilnlrical revolnble valve fittingr into said casing and adapted to open and close saitl ports, a

piston inside said valve, a crank shaft and a pitnran connecting said piston and orante shaft, and gearing adapted to drive-said valve from the crank shaft at a positive ratio,

ln teatixnony et which invention, l have hereunto sot my hanihat N'ewlnnglnon this tenth (lay ot April, 1110i).

' PAUL S. SNHTII.

fitnessen Guo. H. MM', Swan Lnnon'r, Jr. 

